Why are local anesthetics generally administered via infiltration or nerve block rather than systemic administration?

Local anesthetics are primarily administered via infiltration or nerve block techniques to minimize systemic toxicity and provide more precise control over pain in the targeted area. This method allows the anesthetic to act directly where it is needed, affecting only a specific region and sparing the rest of the body from potential side effects and complications associated with systemic exposure.

By administering local anesthetics in this localized manner, healthcare providers can achieve effective analgesia while reducing the risk of adverse effects that might occur if the drug were delivered systemically. Systemic administration could lead to higher blood concentrations, increasing the chance of toxic reactions such as central nervous system or cardiovascular side effects. Therefore, infiltration and nerve block techniques not only improve patient safety but also enhance the overall effectiveness of pain management during and after surgical procedures.